![\"\"](\"http:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/plan_0.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u5b57\u7bc0\u9304\u81eaArmy Air Forces in World War II Volume 5: The Pacific Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945<\/i>\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u3002
The following is adapted from Army Air Forces in World War II Volume 5: The Pacific Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945<\/i>.<\/p>\n
\u539f\u672c\u7f8e\u570b\u9678\u8ecd\u7b2c20\u822a\u7a7a\u968a\u5c0d\u65e5\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u7149\u92fc\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7126\u78b3\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e861944\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u7b2c20\u822a\u7a7a\u968a\u7e3d\u90e8\u958b\u59cb\u628a\u76ee\u6a19\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u5de5\u696d\u4e0a\u30029\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u9678\u8ecd\u822a\u7a7a\u968a\u53f8\u4ee4\u963f\u8afe\u5c07\u8ecd\uff08Henry Harley “Hap” Arnold\uff09\u7684\u5e55\u50da\u901a\u77e5\u7b2c20\u8f5f\u70b8\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u53f8\u4ee4\u674e\u6885\u5c07\u8ecd\uff08Curtis LeMay\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u628a\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b\u4f4d\u65bc\u5927\u6751\u3001\u5949\u5929\u3001\u6e21\u908a\u3001\u5ca1\u5c71\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u5de5\u696d\u5217\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653b\u64ca\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u4e26\u975e\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u4f4d\u5728\u5f9e\u6210\u90fd\u8d77\u98db\u7684B-29\u7684\u822a\u7a0b\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u3002\u9019\u9805\u6307\u793a\u57289\u670813\u65e5\u4e0b\u9054\uff0c\u5e7e\u5929\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5ca1\u5c71\u5c31\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u70ba\u7b2c20\u8f5f\u70b8\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u8f5f\u70b8\u76ee\u6a19\u3002
During the summer of 1944, opinion at Twentieth Air Force Headquarters had veered from coke toward the aircraft industry as the top-priority objective, and by early September staff planners had about decided to modify the bomber command\u2019s target directive. The staff of Army Air Forces Commanding General Henry Harley “Hap” Arnold informed the Commander of XX Bomber Command, Major General Curtis LeMay of a possible shift in objectives which would give top priority to aircraft plants at Omura, Mukden, Watanabe (near Fukuoka), and Okayama. These were not the most important Japanese airplane plants, but they were the best within range of B-29\u2019s at Chengtu. This message was dispatched on 13 September, and within a few days Okayama was scheduled as target for the command\u2019s next mission.<\/p>\n
9\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u7684\u806f\u5408\u53c3\u8b00\u9996\u9577\u5c0d\u5404\u6230\u5340\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u9805\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u7b2c20\u8f5f\u70b8\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u652f\u63f4\u53cd\u653b\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u96f7\u4f0a\u6cf0\uff08Leyte\uff09\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u6b21\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8f5f\u70b8\u5ca1\u5c71\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u53ca\u652f\u63f4\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u5340\u7684\u8d85\u9577\u7a0b\u5075\u5bdf\u4efb\u52d9\u3002B-29\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u5c07\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u7c73\u6b47\u723e\uff08Marc Mitscher\uff09\u5c07\u8ecd\u9818\u8ecd\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8266\u5bc6\u5207\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u9ea5\u514b\u963f\u745f\u5c07\u8ecd\u53cd\u653b\u96f7\u4f0a\u6cf0\u4e4b\u969b\u727d\u5236\u65e5\u8ecd\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u589e\u63f4\u3002\u7c73\u6b47\u723e\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8266\u7fa4\u5c07\u65bc10\u670810\u65e5\u653b\u64ca\u6c96\u7e69\uff0c\u518d\u65bc12\u820713\u65e5\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u767c\u52d5\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u963f\u8afe\u5c07\u8ecd\u5247\u6307\u793aB-29\u572811\u820714\u65e5\u5169\u5929\u9032\u884c\u8f5f\u70b8\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7576\u6c23\u8c61\u9810\u5831\u986f\u793a10\u65e5\u7576\u5929\u7684\u5929\u6c23\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u5f8c\uff0cB-29\u7684\u8f5f\u70b8\u4efb\u52d9\u5c31\u5ef6\u5f8c\u523014\u820716\u65e5\u9019\u5169\u5929\u3002 10\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u723e\u7684\u7b2c38\u7279\u9063\u8266\u968a\uff08Task Force 38\uff09\u5c0d\u7409\u7403\u5916\u570d300\u82f1\u54e9\u7684\u5713\u5f27\u7bc4\u570d\u767c\u52d5\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4e26\u572811\u65e5\u5c0d\u5442\u5b8b\u5cf6\u9032\u884c\u4f6f\u653b\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u628a\u76ee\u6a19\u5c0d\u6e96\u53f0\u7063\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u8ecd\u9811\u5f37\u62b5\u6297\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u70ba\u671f\u5169\u5929\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u5c0d\u53f0\u653b\u64ca\u76f8\u7576\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8b93\u5f8c\u653b\u7684\u674e\u6885\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u53bb\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1a\u4f4d\u65bc\u5ca1\u5c71\u7684\u98db\u6a5f\u4fee\u8b77\u8207\u7d44\u88dd\u5de5\u5ee0\u8207\u6a5f\u5834\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u906d\u53d7\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u518d\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6383\u8569\u4e00\u756a\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8b93\u65e5\u8ecd\u505a\u70ba\u652f\u63f4\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u57fa\u5730\u3002 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\u6839\u64da\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u8f5f\u70b8\u5c0d\u96f7\u4f0a\u6cf0\u53cd\u653b\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u90a3\u9ebc\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u65e5\u8ecd\u7684\u9678\u57fa\u98db\u6a5f\u96c6\u4e2d\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u4e5d\u5dde\u3001\u6c96\u7e69\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5ca1\u5c71\u5373\u4f7f\u53d7\u5275\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u65e5\u8ecd\u9632\u885b\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4e26\u7121\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u5ca1\u5c71\u8ca0\u8cac\u4fee\u8b77\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8a13\u7df4\u7528\u7684\u98db\u6a5f\uff0c\u7f8e\u8ecd\u7684\u8f5f\u70b8\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u662f\u98db\u884c\u54e1\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c20\u8f5f\u70b8\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u7684\u5c0d\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u652f\u63f4\u884c\u52d5\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u6230\u7565\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u8ecd\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4f5c\u6230\u884c\u52d5\u52a9\u76ca\u4e0d\u5927\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c07\u6703\u4ee5\u7b2c38\u7279\u9063\u8266\u968a\u57281944\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u5c0d\u53f0\u653b\u64ca\u884c\u52d5\u70ba\u91cd\u9ede\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u5b57\u7bc0\u9304\u81eaArmy Air Forces in World War II Volume 5: The Pacific Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u3002The following is adapted from Army Air Forces in World War II Volume 5:…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[594,595,596,597,499,604,602,600,593,503,605,606,603,508,472,598,565],"class_list":["post-4242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-40th-bombardment-group","tag-444th-bombardment-group","tag-462nd-bombardment-group","tag-468th-bombardment-group","tag-bombing-formosa","tag-curtis-lemay","tag-einansho","tag-heito","tag-okayama","tag-takao","tag-task-force-38","tag-xx-bomber-command","tag-603","tag-508","tag-472","tag-598","tag-565"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4242\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/plan_1.jpg\")
Source\uff1a NARA via Fold3.com<\/font><\/p>\n
On 22 September the JCS submitted to the several theater commanders concerned an outline plan for the bomber command’s effort in support of the Leyte show, two closely spaced maximum missions (170 sorties in all) against Okayama, plus VLR (Very Long Range) reconnaissance on request from Pacific commander. The B-29 missions were to be coordinated with strikes by Mitscher’s fast carriers, scheduled to attack Okinawa on 10 October and Formosa on the 12th and 13th. The combination of carrier and VHB (Very Heavy Bomber) attacks on air installations was designed to minimize air reinforcement of the Philippines as MacArthur closed on Leyte. At CINCPOA’s request, Mitscher was to go it alone on the two days of his sweep; Arnold ordered the B-29’s to attack on the 11th and 14th, but when 10 October weather forecasts were pessimistic, these strike dates were postponed to the 14th<\/strong> and 16th<\/strong>.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/plan_4.jpg\")
This photo of Okayama Aircraft Plant was taken on October 13, 1943, during Task Force 38’s strike. Source\uff1a NARA via Fold3.com<\/font><\/p>\n
On 10 October Task Force 38 struck along a 300-mile arc centering on the Ryukyus, feinted with a fighter sweep over Luzon on the 11th, then turned on Formosa. The wide-ranging 2-day attack on the island failed to surprise the Japanese, who reacted vigorously, but it was highly successful. This might seem to have left poor gleaning for LeMay but his targets had not been spoiled. Mitscher’s planes had damaged Okayama, but not critically. The aircraft repair and assembly plant, with its adjacent air base, needed a more thorough working over to deny its use as a staging field to the Philippines.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/plan_5.jpg\")
Close-up study of the photo above reveals that Okayama facilities had been only slightly damaged. Source\uff1a NARA via Fold3.com<\/font><\/p>\n
On 14 October, 130 B-29 got off without incident, though carrying an average of 6.8 tons each of 500-pound GP’s and incendiaries. During the noon hour 104 bombers dropped about 650 tons on Okayama<\/strong>. Weather was good and so was the bombing, though late arrivals were hampered by smoke. The damage appeared so heavy that LeMay considered it unnecessary to send back all of the available planes for the mop-up on the 16th. At Washington’s suggestion, LeMay divided his forces: the 444th and 462nd Groups were to return to Okayama<\/strong> on 16 October while the 468th hit Heito<\/strong>. Next day the 40th Group was to bomb Einansho<\/strong> Air Depot near Tainan. Howeever, the twin mission went off less smoothly than that of the 14th.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/plan_2.jpg\")
Source\uff1a NARA via Fold3.com<\/font><\/p>\n
Damage assessment at Okayama made on the basis of photo reconnaissance confirmed enthusiastic reports by aircrews. XX Bomber Command had added vastly to the havoc, especially on the first mission. After 16 October only six small buildings at the assembly plant remained intact; nine had been damaged, sixty-five destroyed. At the air base the B-29\u2019s had destroyed two hangars and sixteen buildings (out of thirty-two) and damaged nine. A total of 116 aircraft had been hit in the 2 areas by Navy and XX Bomber Command planes. Damage assessment at Heito and Einansho was less specific for want of good photos and was less spectacular. Elsewhere a number of other targets had been hit accurately but with little weight.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/taiwanairpower.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/plan_3.jpg\")
This enlarged version of the above photo reveals that Major Scherck was pointing at Tainan. A line was drawn connecting Okayama and the island now named Chimei. Source\uff1a NARA via Fold3.com<\/font><\/p>\n
As to the effects of the strikes on the Leyte operations, the (post-war) Japanese historians were less reassuring. \u201cIntercepting land-based aircraft,\u201d they said, were deployed in Kyushu, Okinawa, and northern Formosa, and hence the Okayama attacks \u201chad no direct effect on the defense of the Philippines.\u201d But because the Okayama air depot performed maintenance for aircraft used for training, its destruction caused \u201ca considerable hindrance . . . to training of airmen.\u201d And so, ironically, PAC-AID (missions in direct support of Pacific operations) brought little aid to Pacific forces but accomplished a minor strategic job with admirable thoroughness.<\/p>\n
The next series of posts will focus on the three-day strike on Formosa by US Navy’s Task Force 38 in October 1944. Stay tuned.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"