偶爾發現了《衣冠塚外的我:不是英雄是倖存者》這本書,內容是張立義先生1965年被中國解放軍擊落後到現在的人生經歷。其實這本書去年就已經出版,但我是幾個星期前才在網路上發現(請原諒我的無知)。
如果您還沒看過,但是想從它知道張先生所執行過的U-2偵照任務的一些秘辛,那您要失望了(如我一般)。負責執行的黑貓隊員對於任務目標選擇的原委其實是所知甚少的,當然也不知道拍回來了哪些設施的照片。關於這一點,張先生做了一個很好的譬喻:
真正說起來,我們的角色只是一個照著他們的路線圖去飛行的「司機」;不但有關U2的機械結構不讓我們深入瞭解,連照相工作也只需照著他們指令按個鈕。自己所拍的「成果」我們不得而知,也從不過問。
我對本書內容較有興趣的部份是張先生重獲自由的那一段。顯然他對當時我國政府的態度非常失望,第五章有一節就直接命名為「親爹無情 山姆叔有義」:
現在透過當年「黑貓中隊」的一些長官、同僚的大力奔走,讓美國CIA得悉了此事,而他們居然還站在道義的立場,義不容辭的伸出援手來拉我們一把,怎麼叫我們不打從心底裡感激山姆叔叔。
即使他已經安全在美國落戶,返家的願望依然強烈,只是我國政府還是相應不理:
我們就再適時地向台灣提出返國的要求,不料當局又是裝聾作啞,相應不理;很顯然,他們非但不再重視我們,而且根本已經把我們當作棄兒。
跟他同時重獲自由的葉常棣先生也有類似的感受:
此後,老葉再沒有追究為何不讓他回國奔喪的原因,卻對自己國家的政府徹底失去了信心和盼望,從而不再妄想向當局提出任何要求。
我一直搞不懂為什麼當時的政府長期拒絕他們返家的請求。當時的總統正是國民黨所謂「確實是黑貓中隊的實際負責人」蔣經國,也許是他下面的一些人擔心落入中國統戰的圈套,而自作主張不讓張和葉兩位回國。但1982年的蔣經國健康狀況依然不錯,他不可能不知道張和葉獲釋的消息,而照理說政府裡也只有他最了解黑貓中隊這個單位的過去,可是為什麼他不下令接回這兩位「為國犧牲奉獻」的隊員呢?是不是他被內心的黑暗面蒙蔽了?政府檔案裡可有任何隻字片語記載這一段決策的過程?
I think that CCK, besides worried about what PLA/PRC were up to by releasing the 2 pilots, he also had something else to worry about—-those U-2 pilots, as the whole U-2 program’s personnel and pilots, were all considered “sold-out” to the Americans/CIA. Not that many of those officers/pilots were able to stay in ROCAF or military.
And the timing of the release were after normalization of Sino-American relationship. So in CCK’s mind, the release might be, besides directed at Taiwan/ROC, but also doing a PR to show US that the past “intrusion” had been “forgotten” and “forgive”. CCK might felt that’s what the release all about, and he decided to wash his hands clean of it, and let the US/CIA to clean up the mess. After all, in CCK’s mind and in real truth, Taiwan got nothing out of U-2/Blackcat deal, and paid full price in human lives and bare the bad name for the spy missions over Mainland China. CCK might have decided that U-2/Blackcat program was best buried and forgotten all together.
CKS to CCK, “Luke, I am your father, and don’t let the two guys back.”
Bryan的觀點相當獨到,我從來沒有從這個角度思考過,佩服!
所以無論如何,張、葉兩人都是犧牲者。其實那些在這場情報戰中失去生命的黑貓、黑蝙蝠都是犧牲者,只是張、葉兩人還有機會說出心中的不平而已。
剛剛在管仁健先生的部落格「你不知道的台灣」看到一張蔣經國與1983年劫機飛到韓國的「六義士」(應該是六暴徒)的合影照,不自覺的聯想到張、葉兩壯士的遭遇。此劫機案發生在張、葉兩人獲釋後半年,但是六暴徒在當時政府的運作下,不到一年半就來到台灣,身為總統的蔣經國還跟這六個犯下萬國公罪的暴徒合影留念。政治權力的誘惑竟然可以如此扭曲內心的良知……
I think it’s just good PR vs bad PR that ROC/KMT governmant had to worry about the possible aftermath effects. The hijackers were treated as heroes, while the 2 Blackcat pilots once return to Taiwan would have drawn all those reporters and really a PR nightmare that would be easily out of control.
Besides, as you and I and most others that went through KMT’s education system back in those days, the possibility of “brain washing” by CCP and/or whatever possible deals that the 2 pilots might have made(which they didn’t as far as I know) would have put KMT/ROC government pushed those 2 pilots as far as possible—ie. US of A……
The other thing is, did KMT/ROC government announced the 2 pilots were dead after been shutdown, with all out PR? If they did(and this had been done to others that were captured as POWs in various clashes between ROC military and PLA), KMT/ROC officials couldn’t face themselves with that the supposed dead heroes suddenly came back to life…..
這個劫機事件發生的時候,我已經是個高中生,也知道劫機是犯法的行為,但是當時我對這這六個人被接來台灣的事並沒有特殊的反感,也許那時我真認為他們是為了「投奔自由」才犯下此事,也許這就是「洗腦」吧!
現在看到蔣經國跟他們的合照,卻反而覺得很刺眼。然後又發現這兩件事不僅發生的時間極為接近,而且過程和結果也正好可以作為對比,所以就在此留下記錄,讓大家可以思考、比較。